美联储监管副主席鲍曼：拟改革和放松银行监管
2025-06-06 16:31:14
美联储重磅新政：鲍曼推动银行监管体系全面改革，释放金融业活力信号
美联储最高监管官员米歇尔·鲍曼近日宣布了一项具有里程碑意义的监管改革计划，拟对后金融危机时代的银行监管体系进行全面重构。这项雄心勃勃的议程核心在于重新评估并简化现行监管框架，旨在消除被其认定为"过度繁重且不必要"的合规负担。
改革重点一：重塑大型银行评估体系
鲍曼特别指出，现行监管体系中存在显著的结构性矛盾——尽管三分之二的大型银行完全满足资本充足率和流动性覆盖率等硬性指标要求，却仍被监管机构主观评定为"不满意"等级。新政策将通过降低主观评级权重、强化客观指标导向来纠正这一错配，使监管评估更准确反映银行的实际风险抵御能力。
改革重点二：优化中小银行监管框架
针对社区银行和区域性金融机构，美联储计划重构监管评级体系，将监管资源集中聚焦于真正具有系统重要性的风险领域。这项调整预计将显著降低中小银行的合规成本，同时提升监管效率。
改革重点三：叫停"横向审查"机制
鲍曼对现行的跨机构横向比较审查制度提出尖锐批评，指出这种"一刀切"的监管方式不仅迫使银行陷入不必要的同质化竞争，更忽视了不同机构的业务模式差异和风险管理特色。新政策将转向更具针对性的个体化监管。
对投资者的潜在影响：
1. 银行业估值重估：监管松绑可能提升银行板块整体ROE，带动估值修复
2. 差异化投资机会：区域性银行和特色业务银行或受益最大
3. 股息增长预期：释放的监管资本可能转化为更高股东回报
4. 创新业务提速：放宽监管或刺激金融科技等新业务发展
5. 风险偏好变化：需关注长期风险管控与短期盈利增长的平衡
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